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Actualités
L'Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin au Salon International de l'Agriculture "Biodiversité de l’arabette
: jouer avec des plantes sauvages en les observant !"
Cette annnée le stand de l'INRA abordait le thème de la biodiversité sous la forme d'ateliers scientifiques. Le domaine végétale était très largement représenté et en particulier avec l'atelier de l'IJPB consacré à la plante modèle la plus étudiée dans nos laboratoires : l'arabette des dames (Arabidopsis thaliana) qui appartient à la famille du colza. Une trentaine de membres de l'IJPB se sont relayés sur le stand de l'INRA pour animer avec enthousiasme les 9 jours de l'atelier présentant les recherches de l'IJPB en relation avec la biodiversité naturelle. Le public issu de tous horizons (familles, agriculteurs, étudiants...) a fait preuve d'une grande curiosité et observé, le plus souvent pour la première fois, cette petite plante modèle. Elle est la "souris verte" des laboratoires travaillant sur les plantes ! De façon ludique, le public est allé à la découverte des arabettes venant du monde entier. Ressemblances ? Différences ? Pays d’origine ? Comment sont-elles cultivées et caractérisées grâce à un robot : le Phenoscospe (vidéo) ? Petits et grands ont joué avec un florilège de nos collections et distingué les différences visibles chez des plantes sauvages d'arabidopsis issues de milieux très différents : un franc succès ! A retenir :
Pour en savoir plus :
mars 2018 Symposium
IJPB 2018
L’Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
(IJPB) couvre un champ d'activité qui s'étend de travaux
fondamentaux sur le développement, la génétique
et la physiologie des plantes jusqu'à la recherche finalisée
pour l’utilisation alimentaire et non-alimentaire des produits
végétaux, dans le cadre d’une agriculture durable.
contacts
Comité local d’organisation
:
Corine Enard (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles),
Maria-Jesus
Lacruz (IJPB, Versailles), Philippe Poré (INRA, Versailles)
et Stéphane
Raude (IJPB, Versailles)
21 novembre 2017 Séminaires Mitochondria serve as principal sites for cellular energy metabolism and play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis of many essential metabolites for the (plant) cell. As dependences of a free-living organism, mitochondria contain their own genome, the mtDNA. Plant mitochondria are remarkable with respect to the presence of numerous group II introns. The removal of the introns from the coding sequences is essential for respiratory functions.While the splicing of group II introns in vivo is facilitated by maturase factors, canonical group II introns are catalytic RNAs that are able to excise themselves from their pre-RNA hosts in vitro, in the absence of the protein cofactors, using a mechanism identical to that utilized by the spliceosome. Structural analyses and phylogenetic data may indicate that the spliceosomal RNAs have evolved from group II intron-related ancestors. Yet, it remains unclear how could such general players in spliceosomal splicing evolve from the monospecific bacterial systems (i.e. a group II intron RNAs and their highly specific intron-encoded maturase factors). Analysis of the organellar splicing machinery in plants may provide us with important clues into the evolution of the nuclear splicing machineries. The ability of the mitochondrial maturases in plants to act on different intron targets further support the notion that the early organellar self-splicing and mobile group II RNAs spread in the eukaryotic genomes and later ‘degenerated’ into the universal splicing system, known as the spliceosome. The similarities between maturases and the core spliceosomal factor, Prp8, may support this intriguing hypothesis. Oren
Ostersetzer-Biran webpage ___________________________________________________ Invité par : céline Masclaux-Daubresse ___________________________________________________ Invité par : Herman Höfte Plant shoots harbor stem cells throughout the life of the plant maintained via a gene regulatory feedback network. Perturbations to these regulatory genes lead to changes in the size and shape of the stem cell niche. Similar effects can be achieved by perturbing the cell walls and heterogeneous and anisotropic mechanical wall properties need to be regulated to generate correct form. We use a Computational Morphodynamics approach, combining live imaging and models of cell wall mechanics and gene networks, to understand how growth and differentiation is coordinated. In this talk I will discuss how mechanical patterning can overlap with gene expression patterns, and how cell size and tissue size can influence the maintenance of the stem cell niche. Hendrik
Jönsson webpage ___________________________________________________ In plants, alterations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels cause fluctuations of the redox balance and hence can affect many aspects of cellular physiology. ROS levels are controlled by a diversified set of antioxidant systems that allow the maintenance of redox status. Perturbations of these ROS levels can lead to transient or permanent changes in the redox status. This feature is exploited by plants in different stress signaling mechanisms. Understanding how plants sense ROS and transduce these stimuli into downstream biological responses is still a major challenge. Previous transcriptome-centered analyses, provided us first insights in the regulatory networks that govern the oxidative stress response. Now, tailoring various proteomics technologies allowed us to assess oxidative stress dependent changes at the posttranslational level. These efforts will allow a better understanding of how cells interpret the oxidative signals that arise from developmental cues and stress conditions. Frank
Van Breusegem Lab ___________________________________________________ 11h00 Invitées par : Jean-Denis Faure ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Intercellular communication
is critical for multicellularity. It coordinates the activities
within individual cells to support the function of an organism
as a whole. Plants have developed remarkable cellular machines
-the Plasmodesmata (PD) pores- which interconnect every
single cell within the plant body, establishing direct membrane
and cytoplasmic continuity, a situation unique to plants.
PD are indispensable for plant life. They control the flux
of molecules between cells and are decisive for development,
environmental adaptation and defence signalling. However,
how PD integrate signalling to coordinate responses at a
multicellular level remains unclear. Page
Equipe Emmanuelle Bayer ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ During the past
years, great progress has been made in the development
of association methods for GWAS or QTL mapping.
However, methods to map the variation that can
be found between species are still sparse. We
have developed a genomics-based method for between-species
(or ‘phylogenetic’) association mapping
(PAM), which can find signals even in highly re-arranged
genomes of different species. In my presentation,
I will show how we used PAM in a panel of 47 closely-related
plant species to map the genetic underpinnings
of differences in the mutational profiles that
we found in these species. Korbinian
Schneeberger groupe webpage __________________________________________
Lieu des séminaires sauf indication contraire ____________________________________________ Amphithéâtre de Versailles, Bât. 10 INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon Route de St Cyr (RD10) 78026 Versailles Cedex _______________________________ |
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